Lung oedema in association with suppressed fibrinolysis is a hallmark of lung injury. We aimed to test whether plasmin cleaves epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) to resolve lung oedema fluid.,Human lungs and airway acid-instilled mice were used for analysing fluid resolution. In silico prediction, mutagenesis, Xenopus oocytes, immunoblotting, voltage clamp, mass spectrometry, protein docking, and alveolar fluid clearance were combined for identifying plasmin specific cleavage sites and benefits.,Plasmin led to a marked increment in lung fluid resolution in both human lungs ex vivo and injured mice. Plasmin specifically activated αβγENaC channels in oocytes in a time-dependent manner. Deletion of four consensu... More
Lung oedema in association with suppressed fibrinolysis is a hallmark of lung injury. We aimed to test whether plasmin cleaves epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) to resolve lung oedema fluid.,Human lungs and airway acid-instilled mice were used for analysing fluid resolution. In silico prediction, mutagenesis, Xenopus oocytes, immunoblotting, voltage clamp, mass spectrometry, protein docking, and alveolar fluid clearance were combined for identifying plasmin specific cleavage sites and benefits.,Plasmin led to a marked increment in lung fluid resolution in both human lungs ex vivo and injured mice. Plasmin specifically activated αβγENaC channels in oocytes in a time-dependent manner. Deletion of four consensus proteolysis tracts (αΔ432-444, γΔ131-138, γΔ178-193, and γΔ410-422) eliminated plasmin-induced activation significantly. Further, immunoblotting assays identified 7 cleavage sites (K126, R135, K136, R153, K168, R178, K179) for plasmin to trim both furin-cleaved C-terminal fragments and full-length human γENaC proteins. In addition to confirming the 7 cleavage sites, 9 new sites (R122, R137, R138, K150, K170, R172, R180, K181, K189) in synthesized peptides were found to be cleaved by plasmin with mass spectrometry. These cleavage sites were located in the finger and the thumb, particularly the GRIP domain of human ENaC 3D model composed of two proteolytic centres for plasmin. Novel uncleaved sites beyond the GRIP domain in both α and γ subunits were identified to interrupt the plasmin cleavage-induced conformational change in ENaC channel complexes. Additionally, plasmin could regulate ENaC activity via the G protein signal.,We demonstrate that plasmin could cleave ENaC to benefit the blood-gas exchange by resolving oedema fluid as a potent fibrinolytic therapy for oedematous pulmonary diseases.,This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
