A role for proteinase-activated receptor-4 (PAR-4) was recently suggested in itch sensation. Here， we investigated the mechanisms underlying the pruriceptive actions of the selective PAR-4 agonist AYPGKF-NH2 (AYP) in mice. Dorsal intradermal (i.d.) administration of AYP elicited intense scratching behavior in mice， which was prevented by the selective PAR-4 antagonist (pepducin P4pal-10). PAR-4 was found to be coexpressed in 32% of tryptase-positive skin mast cells， and AYP caused a 2-fold increase in mast cell degranulation. However， neither the treatment with cromolyn nor the deficiency of mast cells (WBB6F1-Kit(W/Wv) mice) was able to affect AYP-induced itch. PAR-4 was also found on gastrin-releasing... More
A role for proteinase-activated receptor-4 (PAR-4) was recently suggested in itch sensation. Here， we investigated the mechanisms underlying the pruriceptive actions of the selective PAR-4 agonist AYPGKF-NH2 (AYP) in mice. Dorsal intradermal (i.d.) administration of AYP elicited intense scratching behavior in mice， which was prevented by the selective PAR-4 antagonist (pepducin P4pal-10). PAR-4 was found to be coexpressed in 32% of tryptase-positive skin mast cells， and AYP caused a 2-fold increase in mast cell degranulation. However， neither the treatment with cromolyn nor the deficiency of mast cells (WBB6F1-Kit(W/Wv) mice) was able to affect AYP-induced itch. PAR-4 was also found on gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)-positive neurons (pruriceptive fibers)， and AYP-induced itch was reduced by the selective GRP receptor antagonist RC-3095. In addition， AYP evoked calcium influx in ∼1.5% of cultured DRG neurons also sensitive to TRPV1 (capsaicin) and/or TRPA1 (AITC) agonists. Importantly， AYP-induced itch was reduced by treatment with either the selective TRPV1 (SB366791)， TRPA1 (HC-030031)， or NK1 (FK888) receptor antagonists. However， genetic loss of TRPV1， but not of TRPA1， diminished AYP-induced calcium influx in DRG neurons and the scratching behavior in mice. These findings provide evidence that PAR-4 activation by AYP causes pruriceptive itch in mice via a TRPV1/TRPA1-dependent mechanism.
