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Proteins, Expression, Isolation and Analysis | The endotoxin levels in the Al-nanosticks or Alhydrogel preparations diluted in cell culture medium to an Al3+ concentration of 50 µg/mL were measured using a ToxinSensorTM Chromogenic Limulus Amebocyte Lysate Endotoxin Assay Kit from GenScript (Piscataway, NJ) and found to be 0.05 ± 0.01 EU/ml and 0.03 ± 0.01 EU/ml, respectively, which are not different from the endotoxin level in the cell culture medium (i.e. 0.04 ± 0.01 EU/ml; p = 0.32 vs. Al-nanosticks, p = 0.29 vs. Alhydrogel, n = 3). | Get A Quote |
Insoluble aluminum salts such as aluminum (oxy)hydroxide are commonly used as vaccine adjuvants. Recently, there is evidence suggesting that the adjuvant activity of aluminum salt-based materials is tightly related to their physicochemical properties, including nanometer-scale size, shape with long aspect ratio, and low degree of crystallinity. Herein, for the first time, the bicontinuous reverse microemulsion (RM) technique was utilized to synthesize stick-like monodisperse aluminum (oxy)hydroxide nanoparticles with a long aspect ratio of ∼10, length of ∼80 nm, and low degree of crystallinity (denoted as Al-nanosticks). Moreover, the relationship between the physicochemical properties of ... More