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Proteins, Expression, Isolation and Analysis | … from 12.5 to 200 μg/mL (Figure 3A). Furthermore, to eliminate lipopolysaccharide contamination, a ToxinSensor TM Chromogenic LAL Endotoxin Assay Kit (GenScript, Piscatway, NJ, USA … Briefly, cells were collected and lysed by 200 μL buffer (ComWin Biotech, Beijing, China) … | Get A Quote |
Chitooligosaccharides (COS), the hydrolyzed products of chitin and chitosan, can be obtained by various methods. In this study, water-soluble COS were prepared from α- and β-chitosan by microwave-assisted degradation and their immunostimulatory effects were investigated in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The results indicated that α-COS were more active than β-COS in promoting the production of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting indicated that COS also enhanced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and T... More